Being led off in smaller groups is what the German Wikipedia page mentioned too. To a cemetery, with ready-dug pits. They were made to take off their clothes and either stand at the edge of the pits, or get down into them. So at that point at least, there must have been no doubt as to what was about to happen. I'd heard similar accounts of other mass killings. It's all so unimaginably horrible.

Some people who did escape from one place, got captured again and killed at another. It must have seemed so hopeless.